DNS HOWTO ¤¤Ä¶ª© <author> §@ªÌ: Nicolai Langfeldt <tt><htmlurl url="mailto:janl@math.uio.no" name="janl@math.uio.no"></tt><newline> ĶªÌ: <htmlurl url="http://ultima.ncnu.edu.tw/~asdchen/" name="Asd L. Chen"> & <htmlurl url="http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/" name="C.W.Huang"> <date>v1.4.2, 1 January 1998 ½Ķ¤é´Á: 8 January 1998 <!--v1.3.2 20-21 August 1997--> <abstract> ¦p¦ó¦¨¬°¤@­ÓºÙ¾ªº¤p«¬ DNS ºÞ²zªÌ¡D </abstract> <!-- Må skrive om alle eksempler til å bruke land-5 eller noen mer realistiske ip#... OG sette opp en skikkelig revers sone. Kanskje det har vært problemet med revers soner hele tiden. --> <!-- What's this? ÁÙ¦n¤£¥Î½Ķ...:) --> <toc> <sect>«e¨¥ <p> ÃöÁä¦r: DNS, bind, named, dialup, ppp, slip, Internet, domain, name, hosts, resolving <sect1>ª©Åv«Å§i <p> (C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt. Do not modify without amending copyright, distribute freely but retain copyright message.<newline> ¨S¦³­×­qª©ÅvªÌ½Ð¤Å­×§ï¡A¥i¦Û¥Ñ´²§G¦ý¥²¶·«O¯dª©Åv°T®§¡D <sect1>·PÁ»P¨D§U <p> §Ú­n¦VµL¼Æ¦¸¾\Ū³o¥÷¤å¥óªº¯ó½Z¨Ã´£¨Ñ³\¦h¦³¥Î«Øijªº Arnt Gulbrandsen ªí¹F·PÁ¤§·N¡D §Ú¤]­n·PÁ¨º¨Ç±N«Øij±Hµ¹§Úªº¤H¡D<!--ÁÂÁ±z! ±zÅý§ÚÄ~Ū°µ¤U¥h¡D--> <p> ³o¥÷¤å¥ó±N¥Ã»·¤£·|¦³§¹¦¨ªº¤@¤Ñ¡A½Ð§â§Aªº°ÝÃD¥H¤Î¦¨¥\ªº¸gÅç±Hµ¹§Ú¡A ³o¥i¥H¨Ï¥¦¦¨¬°¤@¥÷§ó¦nªº»¡©ú¤å¥ó¡D©Ò¥H½Ð§â¿ú¡Aµû½×¥H¤Î/©Î¬O°ÝÃD±Hµ¹ <htmlurl url="mailto:janl@ifi.uio.no" name="janl@ifi.uio.no">¡D ¦pªG§A±H«Hµ¹§Ú¨Ã§Æ±æ±o¨ì¦^µª½Ðªí²{°ò¥»ªºÂ§»ª¡A<em/½T©w/¦^«H¦a§}¬O¥¿½T¦Ó¥B¥i¥H¹B§@ªº¡D ÁÙ¦³¡A¼g«Hµ¹§Ú«e<bf/½Ð/¥ý¾\Ū <ref id="qanda" name="FAQ"> ¤@¸`¡D <p> ¦pªG§A·Q½Ķ³o½g HOWTO ½Ð»P§ÚÁpµ¸¡A³o¼Ë§Ú¤~ª¾¹D§Úªº¤å³¹³QÅܦ¨¦óºØ»y¨¥ :-). <sect1>ÃDÄmÃã <p> ÂÔ¥H³o¥÷»¡©ú¤å¥óÄmµ¹ Anne Line Norheim Langfeldt¡DÁöµM¦o¥i¯à¥Ã»·³£¤£·|¾\Ū³o¥÷¤å¥ó¡A¦]¬°¦o¤£¬O³oÃþ«¬ªº¤k«Ä¡D <sect>²¤¶<label id="intro"> <p> <bf/³o¬O¤°»ò¥H¤Î³o¤£¬O¤°»ò/ <p> ­º¥ý¡ADNS ´N¬O»â°ì¦WºÙ¨t²Î(Domain Name System)¡D ¬°¾÷¾¹©R¦Wªº³W«h¥H¤Î±N³o¨Ç¦WºÙÂà´«¬° IP ¼Æ¦rªº³nÅé¡D ³o¥÷ HOWTO ¤å¥ó»¡©ú¤F¦p¦ó¥Î Linux ©w¸q³o¼Ëªº¹ïÀ³¡D ¹ïÀ³«üªº¬O³o¨â¥ó¨ÆªºÁpô¡A¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡A¹³ <tt/ftp.linux.org/¡A ¥H¤Î¾÷¾¹ªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡A¹³¬O <tt/199.249.150.4/¡D <p> DNS¡A¹ï·s¤â(§A¡F¡Ð)¦Ó¨¥¡A¬Oºô¸ôºÞ²z¤¤¤ñ¸û±â·t¤£©úªº¦a¤è¤§¤@¡D ³o¥÷»¡©ú¤å¥ó±N·|¸ÕµÛÅý´X¥ó¨Æ±¡¯à²M·¡¤@ÂI¡D¥¦´y­z¦p¦ó³]¥ß¤@­Ó<em/²³æ/ªº DNS ¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D ¶}©l¥ý»¡©ú¼È¦s±M¥Î(caching only)¦øªA¾¹¡AµM«á¬O¬°¤@»â°ì³]¥ß¥D­n(primary)¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D ¦Ü©ó§ó½ÆÂøªº³]©w§A¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò³o¥÷¤å¥óªº <ref id="qanda" name="FAQ"> ¤@¸`¡D ¤£¥Î»¡§A±N±o<em/¾\Ū/¯u¥¿ªº¤å¥ó¡D §Ú±N·|¦b <ref id="bigger" name="³Ì«á¤@³¹"> ¦^¹LÀY¨Ó»¡©ú³o¸Ì©Ò¿×¯u¥¿ªº¤å¥ó¥]§t¦³­þ¨Ç¡D <p> ¦b§A¥i¥H¶}©l¶i¦æ³o¶µ¤u§@¤§«e§AÀ³¸Ó­n¥ý°t¸m¦n§Aªº¾÷¾¹¥H«K¥i¥H±q»·ºÝñ¤J¥¦¥H¤Î¥Ñ¥¦¹ï¨ä¥¦¾÷¾¹§@»·ºÝñ¤J¡A ¨Ã¥B¨Ï©Ò¦³¦UºØ¹ïºô¸ôªº³s½u³£¯à¦¨¥\¦a¶i¦æ¡A¤×¨ä§AÀ³¸Ó­n¯à°÷¹ï <tt/127.0.0.1/ ¶i¦æ»·ºÝñ¤J¨Ã¥B¶i¤J§A¦Û¤vªº³o¥x¾÷¾¹(²{¦b´N¸Õ¸Õ!)¡D ¦P®É§A¤]»Ý­n¤@¥÷¹B§@¨}¦nªº <tt>/etc/host.conf</tt>, <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> ¥H¤Î <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> Àɮק@¬°¶}©l¡D ¦]¬°§Ú±N¤£·|¦b³o¸Ì¸ÑÄÀ¥¦­Ìªº¥\¯à¡D¦pªG§AÁÙ¨S¦³§¹¦¨©Ò¦³³o¨Ç³]©w¨Ã¨Ï¨ä¹B§@¨º»ò the networking/NET-2 HOWTO ·|¸ÑÄÀ¦p¦ó³]¥ß¥¦­Ì¡D¾\Ū¤§¡D <p> ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î SLIP ©ÎªÌ¬O PPP ¨º»ò§A±o­n¯àÅý¥¦¹B§@¡D­Y¬O¥¦ÁÙ¤£¯à¹B§@ªº¸Ü¾\Ū <htmlurl url="PPP-HOWTO.html" name="PPP HOWTO">¡D <p> ·í§Ú»¡¡¥§Aªº¾÷¾¹¡¦®É§Úªº·N«ä¬O§A¥¿­n¹Á¸Õ¦b¤W­±³]¥ß DNS ªº¨º¥x¾÷¾¹¡D ¤£¬O¥ô¦ó¥i¯à¦b§Aºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¸Ìªº¨ä¥¦¾÷¾¹¡D <p> §Ú°²³]§A¨Ã¤£¬O³B©ó¥ô¦ó·|ªýê¦WºÙ¬d¸ßªº¨¾¤õÀð«á­±¡D¦pªG§A¬O¨º»ò§A±N·|»Ý­n¯S§Oªº³]©w¡A °Ñ¨£ <ref id="qanda" name="FAQ"> ¤@¸`¡D <p> ¦b Unix ¤Wªº¦WºÙªA°È¬OÂǥѤ@¤äºÙ¬° <tt/named/ ªºµ{¦¡¨Ó°õ¦æªº¡D ³o¬OÄÝ©ó bind ®M¥óªº¤@³¡¥÷¡A³o­Ó®M¥ó¬O¥Ñ Paul Vixie ¬°ºô»Úºô¸ô³nÅ鶰¹Î(Internet Software Consortium)©Ò¨ó½Õµo®iªº¡D ¤j³¡¤Àªº Linux µo¦æ®M¥ó³£¥]§t¦³ <tt/named/¡A¦Ó¥B³q±`¦w¸Ë©ó <tt>/usr/sbin/named</tt>¡D ¦pªG§Aªº¨t²Î¦³­Ó <tt/named/ ¨º»ò§A¤j·§¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡F¦pªG¨S¦³ªº¸Ü¨º»ò§A¥i¥H±q¬Y­Ó Linux ftp ¯¸¨ú¦^¤@¥÷¤G¶i¦ì°õ¦æÀÉ¡A©Î¬O±q <tt><htmlurl url="ftp://ftp.vix.com/pub/bind/" name="ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/"></tt> ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¨ú±o³Ì·s³Ì´Îªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡D ¥»¤å¥ó¬O»¡©ú bind version 4 ªº¡D¦pªG§A¦w¸Ë version 8 §A­n¦Û¤v·Q¿ìªk¡Dµy«á¦³¤@¸`¥i¯à·|¹ï§A¦³¨ÇÀ°§U¡D <p> DNS ¬O­Ó¥H¾ã­Óºô¸ô¬°½d³òªº(net-wide)¸ê®Æ®w¡D­n¤p¤ß§A©ñ¶i¸Ì­±ªº¸ê®Æ¡D ¦pªG§A©ñ¨Ç¼oª«¶i¥h¡A§A¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦¤H³£±N·|±q¤¤¨ú¥X¨Ç¼oª«¡D «O«ù§A DNS ªº¾ã»ô¤@­P¨º»ò§A±N¯à±q¤¤¨ú±o¨}¦nªºªA°È¡D ¾Ç²ß¥h¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡AºÞ²z¥¦¡A°l¬d¥¦ªº¿ù»~¨º»ò§A±N·|¬O¥t¤@­Ó«O«ùºô¸ô§K©ó¦]¬°ºÞ²z¤£µ½¦Ó®Ä²v§C¸¨ªº¦nºÞ²zªÌ¡D <p> ¦b³o¥÷¤å¥ó¸Ì§ÚÂ_µM¦a±Ô­z´X¥ó¨Ã¤£§¹¥þ¬O¯u¹êªº¨Æ±¡(ÁöµM¥¦­Ì¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤@¥b¬O¯uªº)¡D ³o¥þ³£¬O¬°¤F²¤Æ¡D¦pªG§A¬Û«H§Ú©Ò»¡ªº¨º»ò³o¨Ç¤j·§´N¯à¹B§@¡D <p> <bf/­n³Z:/ ¦pªG§A¤w¸g¾Ö¦³§Ú­n§A¥h§ïÅܪºÀɮסA¨º»ò©Ò¦³³o¨ÇÀɮ׳£­n¥ý°µ³Æ¥÷¡A ³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¦pªG¸g¾ú³o¨Ç§ïÅܤ§«á¨S¦³ªF¦è·|°Êªº¸Ü§A¥i¥H¦^´_¨ì§Aªº¡A¥i¥H¹B§@ªº±¡§Î¡D <sect>¼È¦s±M¥Î¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹<label id="caching"> <p> <bf/DNS °t¸mªº­ººØ¹Á¸Õ¡A¹ï¼·±µ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ«D±`¦³¥Î¡D/ <p> ¤@¥x¼È¦s±M¥Î¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹±N·|¬°¦WºÙ¬d¸ß§ä¥Xµª®×¨Ã¥B¦b¤U¤@¦¸§A»Ý­n¨º­Ó¦WºÙªº®É­Ô°O±oµª®×¡D <p> ­º¥ý§A»Ý­n¤@­ÓºÙ¬° <tt>/etc/named.boot</tt> ªºÀɮסD·í <tt/named/ ±Ò°Ê®É·|Ū¨ú³o­ÓÀɮסD ¥Ø«e¥¦À³¸Ó³æ¯Â¦a¥]§t: <code> ; Boot file for nicolais caching name server ; directory /var/named ; ; type domain source file or host cache . root.cache primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa pz/127.0.0 </code> <p> <bf/«D±`­«­n:/ ¦b³o¤å¥óªº¬Y¨Çª©¥»¤¤³o­ÓÀɮתº³o¥÷¦Cªí·|¦b²Ä¤@­Ó«DªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸«e¥]§t¤@¨ÇªÅ®æ©Î tab Áä¡D ³o¨Ç¤£À³¸Ó¥X²{¦bÀɮפ¤¡D¦pªG§A±q³o¥÷ HOWTO °Å¶K¤U¨Ó¡A°O±o<bf/§R°£¥ô¦ó«e­±ªºªÅ¥Õ/¡D <p> `<tt/directory/' ³o¤@¦æ§i¶D <tt/named/ ¨ì­þ¸Ì¥h§ä´MÀɮסD©Ò¦³¨ä«á©R¦WªºÀɮ׳£±N¬O¬Û¹ï©ó¦¹¥Ø¿ýªº¡D ®Ú¾Ú Linux Àɮרt²Î¼Ð·Ç¥¿½Tªº¥Ø¿ýÀ³¸Ó¬O¦b <tt>/var/named</tt>¡D ¦]¦¹ <tt/pz/ ¬O¦ì©ó <tt>/var/named</tt> ¤§¤Uªº¡A¤]´N¬O¡A<tt>/var/named/pz</tt>¡D <p> ºÙ¬° <tt>/var/named/root.cache</tt> ªº³o­ÓÀɮ׬O¦b¦¹©R¦Wªº¡D ³o­Ó <tt>/var/named/root.cache</tt> À³¸Ó¥]§t: <code> . 518400 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518400 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ; D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.203.230.10 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.36.148.17 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.112.36.4 A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.41.0.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.63.2.53 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.33.4.12 </code> <bf/°O¦í§Ú»¡¹L­n¥h±¼ªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸!/ <p> ³o­ÓÀÉ®×´y­z¤F¦b³o­Ó¥@¬É¤Wªº®Ú¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D³o·|ÀH®É¶¡¦Ó§ïÅܨåB<em/¥²¶·/¥[¥HºûÅ@¡D ¦p¦ó¯à«O«ù¥¦ÀH®É§ó·s½Ð°Ñ¨£<ref id="maint" name="ºûÅ@½g">¡D ¦b <tt/named/ ªº½u¤W¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¸Ì¦³³o­ÓÀɮתº´y­z¡A¦ý¬O³o¡A¥H§Ú¬Ý¨Ó¡A³Ì¾A¦X¨º¨Ç¤w¸g¤F¸Ñ <tt/named/ ªº¤H­Ì¡D <p> ¦b <tt/named.boot/ ¸Ìªº¤U¤@¦æ¬O <tt/primary/ ³o¤@¦æ¡D §Ú±N·|¦bµy«áªº³¹¸`¸Ì¸ÑÄÀ¥¦ªº¥Îªk¡A¥Ø«e¥u­n§â¥¦³]¬°¦b <tt/pz/ ¤l¥Ø¿ý¤U¤@­ÓºÙ¬° <tt/127.0.0/ ªºÀÉ®×: <code> @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 1 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 604800 ; Expire 86400) ; Minimum TTL NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 PTR localhost. </code> ±µ¤U¨Ó¡A§A»Ý­n¤@¥÷¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ëªº <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> ÀÉ®×: <code> search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu nameserver 127.0.0.1 </code> `<tt/search/' ³o¤@¦æ«ü¥X¹ï©ó¥ô¦ó§A·Q³s©¹ªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙÀ³¸Ó·j´Mªº»â°ì¡D `<tt/nameserver/' ³o¤@¦æ«ü¥X§Aªº¾÷¾¹¥i¥H¦b­þ­Ó¦ì§}¤W§ä¨ì¤@¥x¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡A ¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¬O§A¦Û¤vªº³o¥x¾÷¾¹¡A¦]¬°§A¦b¥¦¤W­±°õ¦æ <tt/named/¡D ¦pªG§A·Q¦C¥X¦n´X­Ó¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹§â¥¦­Ì³£©ñ¦b¤@¦æ `<tt/nameserver/' ¸Ì¡A¥ÎªÅ®æ¹j¶}¡D (ª`·N: <tt/named/ ±q¤£Åª¨ú³o­ÓÀɮסA¦Ó¬O¨Ï¥Î <tt/named/ ªº¦WºÙ¸Ñµª¾¹·|Ū¨ú¡D) <p> ¨Ó»¡©ú¤@¤U³o­ÓÀɮצ³¤°»ò§@¥Î: ¦pªG¬Y­Ó«È¤áºÝ¹Á¸Õ­n§ä´M <tt/foo/ ªº¸Ü¡A ¨º»ò­º¥ý¹Á¸Õªº¬O <tt>foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu</tt> ³o­Ó¦WºÙ¡A µM«á±µ¤U¨Ó¬O <tt>foo.your-fomain.edu</tt> ³o­Ó¦WºÙ¡A³Ì«á«h¬O <tt/foo/ ³o­Ó¦WºÙ¡D ¦pªG¦³¬Y­Ó«È¤áºÝ¹Á¸Õ­n§ä´M <tt>sunsite.unc.edu</tt> ªº¸Ü¡A ¨º­º¥ý¹Á¸Õªº¬O <tt>sunsite.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu</tt> ³o­Ó¦WºÙ(¨S¿ù¡A¥¦¯u²Â! ¤£¹L¥¦´N¬O³o»ò°µ)¡A µM«á±µ¤U¨Ó¬O <tt>sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu</tt> ³o­Ó¦WºÙ¡A³Ì«á«h·|¬O <tt>sunsite.unc.edu</tt> ³o­Ó¦WºÙ¡D §A¥i¯à¤£·|·Q©ñ¤Ó¦h»â°ì¨ì <tt/search/ ¸Ó¦æ¸Ì¥h¡A·j´M¥¦­Ì·|¦hªá®É¶¡¡D <p> ³o­Ó½d¨Ò°²³]§AÄÝ©ó <tt>subdomain.your-domain.edu</tt> ³o­Ó»â°ì¡A ¨º»ò§Aªº¾÷¾¹¡A¥i¯à·|ºÙ¬° <tt>your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.edu</tt>¡D ¦b <tt/search/ ³o¦æ¸Ì¤£À³¸Ó¥]§t§Aªº TLD (³»¼h»â°ì Top Level Domain¡A¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¬O <tt/edu/ ³o­Ó»â°ì)¡D ¦pªG§A¸g±`»Ý­n³s½u¨ì¦b¥t¥~¤@­Ó»â°ì¸Ìªº¥D¾÷§A»ò§A¥i¥H§â¸Ó»â°ì¹³³o¼Ë¦a¥[¶i <tt/search/ ³o¦æ¸Ì: <code> search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com </code> ¨Ì¦¹Ãþ±À¡D«Ü©úÅ㪺¬O§A±o©ñ¤J¯u¹êªº»â°ì¦WºÙ¨Ó¨ú¥N³o¨Ç¦WºÙ¡D½Ðª`·N¦b»â°ì¦WºÙªº³Ì«á­±¨Ã¨S¦³¥y¸¹ '.'¡D <p> ±µ¤U¨Ó¡A®Ú¾Ú§A libc ª©¥»ªº¤£¦P»Ý­n­×¥¿ <tt>/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> ©ÎªÌ¬O <tt>/etc/host.conf</tt> ÀɮסD <p> <bf>/etc/nsswitch.conf</bf> <p> ³o¬O¤@­Ó«ÜªøªºÀɮסA¥¦«ü¥X¨ì¦ó³B¥h¨ú±o¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A±q¤°»òÀɮשάO¸ê®Æ®w¨ú±o¡D ¥¦ªº³»ºÝ¸g±`·|¥]§t¤@¨Ç¦³¥Îªºµù¸Ñ¡D§ä¥X¥H `<tt/hosts:/' §@¬°¶}ÀYªº¨º¤@¦æ¡A¥¦À³¸Ó¬O³o¼Ë: <code> hosts: files dns </code> ¦pªGÀɮ׸̨S¦³¥H `<tt/hosts:/' §@¬°¶}ÀYªº¦æ¨º»ò§â¤W­±³o¤@¦æ¥[¤W¥h¡D ¥¦¬O»¡µ{¦¡À³¸Ó¥ý¦b <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> Àɮ׸̧ä´M¡AµM«á®Ú¾Ú <tt/resolv.conf/ ¸ß°Ý DNS¡D <p> <bf>/etc/host.conf</bf> <p> ¥¦¥i¯à¥]§t¦³¼Æ¦æ¡A¨ä¤¤À³¸Ó¦³¤@¦æ¥H <tt/order/ §@¬°¶}©l¦Ó¥B¥¦¬Ý°_¨Ó·|¹³³o¼Ë: <code> order hosts,bind </code> ¦pªGÀɮ׸̨S¦³ `<tt/order/' ³o¤@¦æªº¸Ü¨º»ò§AÀ³¸Ó¶K¤@¥÷¤W¥h¡D ¥¦§i¶D¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¸ÑªR¨ç¦¡¥ý¦b <tt>/etc/hosts</tt> ¸Ì§ä´M¡AµM«á¬d°Ý¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ (¦b <tt/resolv.conf/ ¸Ì§A»¡¦b 127.0.0.1 ³o­Ó¦a¤è)¡D ¦b¤j³¡¤À Linux µo¦æ®M¥ó¤¤³Ì«á³o¨â­ÓÀɮתº¤å¥ó¦b resolv(8) ªº½u¤W¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¤¤(°õ¦æ `<tt/man 8 resolv/' §Y¥i)¡D ³o¥÷½u¤W¥Î¤â¥U§Úı±o¥i¬Ý¡A¦Ó¥B¨C­Ó¤H¡A¯S§O¬O DNS ºÞ²zªÌ¡A³£À³¸Ó­n¾\Ū¥¦¡D ²{¦b´N°µ¡A¦pªG§A¹ï§A¦Û¤v»¡“§Úµy«á±N·|¥h°µ”¡A§A±N¥Ã»·¤£·|¥h±µªñ¥¦¡D <sect1>°_©l named <p> ³o¨Ç¥þ³¡§¹¦¨«á´N¥i¥H°_©l <tt/named/ ¤F¡D¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î¼·±µ³s½uªº¸Ü¨º»ò½Ð¥ý³s¤Wºô¸ô¡D Áä¤J `<tt/ndc start/' ¨Ã¥B«ö¤U <tt/RETURN/ Áä¡A¨S¦³¿ï¶µ¡D ¦pªG¥¦¤£¦æªº¸Ü¨º»ò¸ÕµÛ¨Ï¥Î `<tt>/usr/sbin/ndc start</tt>' ¨Ó¨ú¥N¡D ¦A¤£¦æªº¸Ü½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="qanda" name="FAQ"> ¤@¸`¡D ²{¦b§A¥i¥H´ú¸Õ§Aªº³]©w¡D·í§A¦b°_©l <tt/named/ ªº®É­Ô¦pªG§AÆ[¹î¤@¤U (¨Ï¥Î <tt>tail -f /var/adm/messages</tt> «ü¥O)¨t²Î°O¿ý°T®§ÀÉ®× (³q±`¬OºÙ¬° <tt>/var/adm/messages</tt> ªºÀɮסA¦ý¤]¥i¯à¦b <tt>/var/log</tt> ¤U¡A©Î¬O¥s <tt/syslog/ ªºÀÉ®×) ¨º»ò§AÀ³¸Ó·|¬Ý¨£¹³¼Ëªº¤@¨ÇªF¦è: <tscreen><verb> Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: starting. named 4.9.4-REL Sun Jun 30 21:29:03 MET DST 1996 janl@roke.slip.ifi.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind/named Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: cache zone "" loaded (serial 0) Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: primary zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" loaded (serial 1) </verb></tscreen> ¦pªG¦³¥ô¦óÃö©ó¿ù»~ªº°T®§¨º»ò´N¬O¦³­Ó¿ù»~µo¥Í¡A <tt/named/ ±N·|«ü¦W¦³¿ù»~ªºÀÉ®×(§Ú·Q¬O <tt/named.boot/ ¥H¤Î <tt/root.cache/ ¨ä¤¤¤§¤@:-)¡D ±þ±¼ <tt/named/ µ{§Ç¨Ã¦^ÀYÀˬd¨º¨ÇÀɮסD <p> ²{¦b¥i¥H¥Î <tt/nslookup/ ¨ÓÀˬd¤@¤U§Aªº¤u§@: <tscreen><verb> $ nslookup Default Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 > </verb></tscreen> ¦pªG³o¬O§A©Ò±o¨ìªº¦^À³¨º»ò¥¦¤w¸g¯à°÷¹B§@¡D§Ú­Ì§Æ±æ¬O³o¼Ë¡D±o¨ì¥ô¦ó¨ä¥¦¦^À³³£½Ð¦^ÀYÀˬd¨C¤@¥ó¨Æ¡D ¨C¤@¦¸§A§ïÅÜ <tt/named.boot/ Àɮפ§«á§A³£±o¨Ï¥Î <tt/ndc restart/ ³o­Ó«ü¥O­«·s°_©l <tt/named/ µ{¦¡¡D <p> ²{¦b§A¥i¥H¿é¤J¬d¸ß¡D¹Á¸Õ§ä´M¬Y¨Ç¾aªñ§Aªº¾÷¾¹¡D<tt/pat.uio.no/ Â÷§Ú¤£»·¡A¦b Oslo ªº¤j¾Ç¸Ì: <tscreen><verb> > pat.uio.no Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 Name: pat.uio.no Address: 129.240.2.50 </verb></tscreen> ²{¦b <tt/nslookup/ ­n¨D§Aªº <tt/named/ §ä´M <tt/pat.uio.no/ ³o¥x¾÷¾¹¡D µM«á¥¦(<tt/named/)Ápô¦b§A <tt>root.cache</tt> Àɮ׸̩ҫü¦Wªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾÷¾¹¨ä¤¤¤@¥x¡A ¨Ã¥B±q¨º¸Ì¬d°Ý¥¦¸Ó¦p¦óÄ~Äò¤U¥h¡D¦b§A¨ú±oµ²ªG¤§«e¥i¯à±oªá¶O¤@ÂI®É¶¡¡A ¦]¬°¥¦·j´M§A¦b <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt> ¸Ì«ü¦Wªº©Ò¦³»â°ì¡D <p> ¦pªG§A¦A¸Õ¤@¦¸ªº¸Ü¨º»ò§A±N·|±o¨ì: <tscreen><verb> > pat.uio.no Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 Non-authoritative answer: Name: pat.uio.no Address: 129.240.2.50 </verb></tscreen> ª`·N³o¦^§Ú­Ì©Ò±o¨ìªº `<tt/Non-authoritative answer:/' ³o¤@¦æ¡D ³o¥Nªí <tt/named/ ¦¹¦¸¨Ã¥¼¨ìºô¸ô¥~¥h¬d°Ý¡A¨ú¦Ó¥N¤§ªº¬O¦b¥¦ªº¼È¦s°Ï¸Ì§ä´M¨Ã¥B¦b¨º¸Ì§ä¨ìµª®×¡D ¦ý¬O¼È¦sªº¸ê°T<em/¥i¯à/·|¹L®É¡D©Ò¥H¥¦ÂÇ¥Ñ `<tt/Non-authorative answer:/' ¨Óª¾·|§A¦³³o­Ó(«Ü»´·Lªº)¦MÀI©Ê¦s¦b¡D ·í <tt/nslookup/ »¡³o¬O§A²Ä¤G¦¸¬d°Ý¬Y¥x¥D¾÷®É¡A³o¬O <tt/named/ ¯à¼È¦s¸Ó¶µ¸ê°T¨Ã¥B¥¿±`¹B§@ªº¤@­Ó°T®§¡D §A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î `exit' «ü¥OÂ÷¶} <tt/nslookup/ µ{¦¡¡D <p> ¦pªG§A¬O­Ó¼·±µ(ppp, slip) ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ½Ð¾\Ū<ref id="auto" name="¼·±µ³s½u±M¸`">¡A¸Ì­±¦³¤@¨Çµ¹§Aªº«Øij¡D <p> ²{¦b§Aª¾¹D¦p¦ó³]¥ß¤@­Ó¯à°÷¼È¦sªº <tt/named/ ¨t²Î¡D¨ÓªM°à°s¡A¤û¥¤¡A©Î¬O¥ô¦ó§A³ßÅwªºªF¦è¨Ó¼y¯¬§a¡D <sect>¤@­Ó<em/²³æ/ªº»â°ì<label id="simple"> <p> <bf>¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß§A¦Û¤vªº»â°ì</bf> <sect1>¥ý¨Ó¤@ÂI¯Â²z½× <p> ¦b§Ú­Ì<em/¯uªº/¶}©l¶i¦æ³o¤@¸`¥H«e§Ú±N·|´£¨Ñ§A¤@¨ÇÃö©ó DNS ¦p¦ó¹B§@ªº²z½×¡D ¦Ó§AÀ³¸Ó¾\Ū¥¦¦]¬°³o¹ï§A¦³¯q¡D¦pªG§A¤£¡¥·Q­n¡¦¨º»ò¦Ü¤Ö§A¤]±o«Ü§Ö¦a²¤Åª¤@¤U¡D ·í§A¬Ý¨ìÀ³¸Ó©ñ¶i <tt/named.boot/ Àɮ׸̥hªº¤º®e®É¦A°±¤î³oºØ²¤Åª¤è¦¡¡D <p> DNS ¬O¤@­Ó¶¥¼h¦¡ªº¨t²Î¡D¨ä³»ºÝ¼g§@ `<tt/./' ¦Ó¨äµo­µ¬° `root' ¡D ¦b . ¤§¤U¦³´X­Ó³»¼h»â°ì(TLDs)¡A³Ìª¾¦Wªº¬O ORG, COM, EDU ¥H¤Î NET ³o´X­Ó¡A¦ý¬OÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¡D <p> ¦b´M§ä¤@¥x¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ®É¬d¸ß·|¥H»¼°j¤èªk±q³»ºÝ¶}©l¡D ·í§A·Q­n§ä¥X <tt/prep.ai.mit.edu/ ªº¦ì§}®É§Aªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¥²¶·§ä¨ì­t³d <tt/edu/ ªº¤@¥x¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¥¦·|¥h¬d°Ý <tt/root.cache/ ÀɮסA¦Ó <tt/./ ¦øªA¾¹·|µ¹¥¦¤@¥÷ <tt/edu/ ¦øªA¾¹¦Cªí¡D <tscreen><verb> $ nslookup Default Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 </verb></tscreen> ¶}©l¬d°Ý¬Y¥x®Ú¦øªA¾¹¡D <tscreen><verb> > server c.root-servers.net. Default Server: c.root-servers.net Address: 192.33.4.12 </verb></tscreen> ³]©w¬d¸ß«¬ºA¬° NS (¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹°O¿ý name server records)¡D <tscreen><verb> > set q=ns </verb></tscreen> ¬d°ÝÃö©ó <tt/edu./ ªº¸ê®Æ¡D <tscreen><verb> > edu. </verb></tscreen> µ²§Àªº . ¦b³o¸Ì«D±`­«­n¡A¥¦§i¶D¸Ó¦øªA¾¹§Ú­Ì©Ò¬d°Ýªº <tt/edu/ ¬O¦b . ¤§¤Uªº¨º¤@­Ó¡A ³oµy¯àÁY¤p·j´Mªº½d³ò¡D <tscreen><verb> edu nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET edu nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.63.2.53 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.203.230.10 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.112.36.4 </verb></tscreen> ³o§i¶D§Ú­Ì <tt/*.root-servers.net/ ªA°È <tt/edu./ »â°ì¡A©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¥i¥HÂǦ¹Ä~Äò¬d°Ý <tt/c/ ¦øªA¾¹¡D ²{¦b§Ú­Ì·Q­nª¾¹D¬O½Ö­t³d¤U¤@¼h <tt/mit.edu./ ªº»â°ì¦WºÙ: <tscreen><verb> > mit.edu. Server: c.root-servers.net Address: 192.33.4.12 Non-authoritative answer: mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu Authoritative answers can be found from: STRAWB.mit.edu internet address = 18.71.0.151 W20NS.mit.edu internet address = 18.70.0.160 BITSY.mit.edu internet address = 18.72.0.3 </verb></tscreen> <tt/steawb/, <tt/w20ns/ ¥H¤Î <tt/bitsy/ ­t³d <tt/mit/ »â°ì¡A¿ï¾Ü¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¨Ã¥B¬d¸ß <tt/ai.mit.edu/: <tscreen><verb> > server W20NS.mit.edu. </verb></tscreen> ¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¤£¤À¤j¤p¼g¡A¦ý¬O§Ú¨Ï¥Î·Æ¹«¨Ó°Å¶K©Ò¥H³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ¬O¿Ã¹õªº«þ¨©¡D <tscreen><verb> Server: W20NS.mit.edu Address: 18.70.0.160 > ai.mit.edu. Server: W20NS.mit.edu Address: 18.70.0.160 Non-authoritative answer: ai.mit.edu nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU ai.mit.edu nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU Authoritative answers can be found from: AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.13 WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.35.13 ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.5 ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.37.5 GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.4 GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.36.4 TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.6 TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.6 MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.7 MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.39.7 </verb></tscreen> ©Ò¥H <tt/weaties.ai.mit.edu/ ¬O <tt/ai.mit.edu/ ªº¤@¥x¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹: <tscreen><verb> > server WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU. Default Server: WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU Addresses: 128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13 </verb></tscreen> ²{¦b§Ú§ïÅܬd¸ßªº«¬ºA¡A§Ú­Ì¤w¸g§ä¨ì¸Ó¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹©Ò¥H²{¦b§Ú­Ì±N­n¸ß°Ý <tt/wheaties/ Ãö©ó <tt/prep.ai.mit.edu/ ¥¦©Òª¾¹Dªº¥ô¦ó¨Æ±¡¡D <tscreen><verb> > set q=any > prep.ai.mit.edu. Server: WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU Addresses: 128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13 prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25 OS = unix prep.ai.mit.edu inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp #21 #23 #25 #79 prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = life.ai.mit.edu prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42 ai.mit.edu nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = wheaties.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu ai.mit.edu nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80 alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.5 wheaties.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.35.13 wheaties.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.13 grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.36.4 grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.4 mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.11 mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.54.11 mintaka.lcs.mit.edu internet address = 18.26.0.36 </verb></tscreen> ©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì±q <tt/./ ¶}©l³sÄò§ä¥X¦b»â°ì¦WºÙ¸Ìªº¤U¤@¼h¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î§A¦Û¤vªº DNS ¦øªA¾¹¦Ó¤£¬O©Ò¦³³o¨Ç­Ó¨ä¥¦ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A §Aªº <tt/named/ ·íµM·|¼È¦s©Ò¦³³o¨Ç¦b¬°§A´M§ä³o­Óµª®×®É©Ò§ä¨ìªº¸ê°T¡A ¦Ó¥B¦b¤@¬q®É¶¡¤º¥¦¤£¥²¦A¦¸¬d°Ý¡D <p> ¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û°_¨Ó«Ü¤Ö³Q½×¤Î¡A¦ý¬O¦P¼Ë­«­nªº¬O <tt/in-addr.arpa/ »â°ì¡D¥¦¤]¹³¡¥¥¿±`ªº¡¦»â°ì¤@¼Ë¬O±_ª¬ªº¡D <tt/in-addr.arpa/ Åý§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦b¾Ö¦³¥D¾÷¦ì§}ªº®É­Ô±oª¾¸Ó¥D¾÷ªº¦WºÙ¡D ¦b³o¸Ì¦³¥ó­«­nªº¨Æ±¡­nª`·Nªº¬O¦b <tt/in-addr.arpa/ ³o­Ó»â°ì¤¤ ip ¼Æ¦r¬O¥H¤Ï¦V¶¶§Ç®Ñ¼gªº¡D ¦pªG§A¦³¬Y¥x¾÷¾¹ªº¦ì§}: 192.128.52.43 ¨º»ò <tt/named/ ·|¥HÃþ¦ü <tt/prep.ai.mit.edu/ ³o­Ó½d¨Òªº¤è¦¡¨Ó³B²z: §ä¥X <tt/arpa./ ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A§ä¥X <tt/in-addr.arpa./ ªº¦øªA¾¹¡AµM«á¦A§ä¥X <tt/192.in-addr.arpa./ ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A §ä¥X <tt/128.192.in-addr.arpa./ ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A±µµÛ§ä¥X <tt/52.128.192.in-addr.arpa./ ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A ³Ì«á¦A§ä¥X©Ò»Ý¤§ <tt/43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa./ ªº°O¿ý¡DÁo©ú¥G? (»¡¡¥¬Oªº¡¦)¡D ÀY¨â¦~³o¤Ï¦Vªº¼Æ¦r¤]¤Þ°_¹L¤@¨Ç§xÂZ¡D <p> ¨ä¹ê§Ú¬OÄF§Aªº¡DDNS ¨Ã«D§¹§¹¥þ¥þ¦a¹³§Ú§i¶D§Aªº³o¼Ë¹B§@¡D¦ý¬O³o¤w¸g°÷±µªñªº¤F¡D <sect1>§Ú­Ì¦Û¤vªº»â°ì <p> ²{¦b¨Ó©w¸q§Ú­Ì¦Û¤vªº»â°ì¡D§Ú­Ì±N·|³Ð³y¥X <em/linux.bogus/ ³o­Ó»â°ì¨Ã¥B©w¸q¨ä¤¤ªº¾÷¾¹¡D §Ú¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó§¹¥þ¬OµêÀÀ¥X¨Óªº»â°ì¦WºÙ¥H«K½T©w§Ú­Ì¤£·|ÂZ¶Ã¨ìºô¸ô¤Wªº¨ä¥¦¦a¤è¡D <p> §Ú­Ì¦­´N¤w¸g¥H <tt/named.boot/ ¸Ìªº³o¤@¦æ¶}©l¤F³o­Ó³¡¥÷ªº³]©w: <code> primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa pz/127.0.0 </code> ½Ðª`·N¦b³o­ÓÀɮ׸̪º»â°ì¦WºÙµ²§À¨Ã¨S¦³¥[¤W `<tt/./' ²Å¸¹¡D ²Ä¤@¦æ§â©w¸q <tt/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/ ªºÀɮשR¦W¬° <tt>pz/127.0.0</tt>¡D §Ú­Ì¦­¤w¸g«Ø¥ß¤F³o­ÓÀɮסA¥¦¬O³o¼Ëªº: <code> @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 1 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 604800 ; Expire 86400) ; Minimum TTL NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 PTR localhost. </code> ½Ðª`·N¦b³o­ÓÀɮ׸̩Ҧ³ªº§¹¾ã»â°ì¦WºÙµ²§Àªº `<tt/./' ²Å¸¹¡A³o»P¤W­±´£¨ìªº named.boot ÀɮקΦ¨¹ï¤ñ¡D ¦³¨Ç¤H³ßÅw¥H <tt/$ORIGIN/ «ü¥O±Ò©l¨C­Ó°Ï°ìÀɮסA¦ý³o¬O¤£¥²­nªº¡D ¤@­Ó°Ï°ìÀɮתº°òÂI(´N¬O¨ä©ÒÄݪº DNS ¶¥¼h¬[ºc¦ì¸m)¬O¦b <tt/named.boot/ Àɮתº¡¥»â°ì¡¦¦æ¸Ì«ü©wªº¡A ¦b³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¸Ì¬O <tt/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/¡D <p> ³o­Ó¡¥°Ï°ìÀɮס¦¤¤¥]§t¤TºØ¡¥¸ê·½°O¿ý¡¦(resource records, RRs): ¤@­Ó¬O SOA ¸ê·½°O¿ý¡D¤@­Ó¬O NS ¸ê·½°O¿ý¥H¤Î¤@­Ó PTR °O¿ý¡D SOA ¬O±ÂÅv°_©l(Start Of Authority)ªºÁY¼g¡D`@' ¬O­Ó·N«ä¬°°òÂIªº¯S®í¼Ð°O¡A ¦Ó¦]¬°³o­ÓÀɮתº¡¥»â°ì¡¦¦æ»¡¬O <tt/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/ ©Ò¥H²Ä¤@¦æ¹ê»Ú¤W¬O«ü <tscreen><verb> 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN SOA ... </verb></tscreen> <p> NS ¬O¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¸ê·½°O¿ý¡A¥¦§i¶D DNS ¤°»ò¾÷¾¹¬O³o­Ó»â°ì <tt/0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/ ªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡A¤]´N¬O <tt/ns.linux.bogus/. ¦Ó³Ì«áªº PTR °O¿ý»¡ <tt/1/ (µ¥©ó¬O <tt/1.0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA/, ¤]´N¬O <tt/127.0.0.1/)ªº¦WºÙ¬O localhost¡D <p> SOA ³o­Ó°O¿ý¬O<em/©Ò¦³/°Ï°ìÀɮתº§Ç¤å¡A¦Ó¥B¦b¨C¤@­Ó°Ï°ìÀɮ׸̳£À³¸Ó¦³³o°ß¤@ªº¤@­Ó¡A³Ì¶}ÀYªº°O¿ý¡D ¥¦´y­z¸Ó°Ï°ì¡A¥¦±q¦ó¦Ó¨Ó(¤@¥xºÙ¬° <tt/linux.bogus/ ªº¾÷¾¹)¡A½Ö­t³d¨ä¤º®e(<tt/hostmaster@linux.bogus/)¡A ³o­Ó°Ï°ìÀɮ׬O¤°»òª©¥»(serial: 1)¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦¥²¶·°µªº¡A¦³Ãö¼È¦s»P¦¸­n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº¨Æ¡D ³Ñ¤UªºÄæ¦ì¦p refresh, retry, expire ¥H¤Î minimum §A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î³o¥÷¤å¥ó¸Ì©Ò¥Îªº¼Æ¦r¦Ó¥BÀ³¸Ó¤£·|¥X°ÝÃD¡D <p> ²{¦b­«·s°_©l§Aªº <tt/named/(¨Ï¥Î <tt/ndc restart/ «ü¥O)¨Ã¨Ï¥Î <tt/nslookup/ ¨ÓÀËÅç§Ú­Ì°µ¤F¤°»ò: <tscreen><verb> $ nslookup Default Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 > 127.0.0.1 Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 Name: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 </verb></tscreen> ©Ò¥H¥¦ºÞ²z±q <tt/127.0.0.1/ ±o¨ì <tt/localhost/ ªº¹Lµ{¡A«Ü¦n¡D ²{¦b¶}©l§Ú­Ìªº¥D­n¥ô°È¡A<tt/linux.bogus/ ³o­Ó»â°ì¡A ¦b <tt/named.boot/ ¸Ì ´¡¤J·sªº¤@¦æ <tt/primary/ «ü¥O: <code> primary linux.bogus pz/linux.bogus </code> ª`·N¡A¦b <tt/named.boot/ Àɮ׸̻â°ì¦WºÙªºµ²§ÀÁÙ¬O¨S¦³ '<tt/./' ²Å¸¹¡D <p> ¦b³o­Ó <tt/linux.bogus/ °Ï°ìÀɮ׸̧ڭ̱N·|©ñ¤J¤@¨Ç§¹¥þµêÀÀªº¸ê®Æ: <code> ; ; Zone file for linux.bogus ; ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain ; @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199511301 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 28800 ; refresh, seconds 7200 ; retry, seconds 3600000 ; expire, seconds 86400 ) ; minimum, seconds NS ns.linux.bogus. NS ns.friend.bogus. MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger localhost A 127.0.0.1 ns A 127.0.0.2 mail A 127.0.0.4 </code> Ãö©ó SOA °O¿ý¦³¨â¥ó¨Æ»Ý­nª`·N¡D­º¥ý <tt/ns.linux.bogus/ <em/¥²¶·/ ¬O¤@¥x¨ã¦³ A °O¿ýªº¯u¥¿¾÷¾¹¡D ¦b SOA °O¿ý¤¤¥Î CNAME °O¿ý¬°¦WºÙªº¾÷¾¹¬O¤£¦Xªkªº¡D¥¦ªº¦W¦r¤£¤@©w­n¬O <tt/ns/¡A¥¦¥i¥H¬O¥ô¦ó¦Xªkªº¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¡D ¦A¨Ó¡A<tt/hostmaster.linux.bogus/ À³¸Ó³Qµø¬° <tt/hostmaster@linux.bogus/¡A³oÀ³¸Ó¬O¤@­Ó¶l¥ó¦ì§}©Î§O¦W¡A ¬OºûÅ@³o­Ó DNS ªº¤H¸g±`Ū«Hªº¦ì§}¡D¥ô¦óÃö©ó¦¹»â°ìªº«H¥ó·|³Q°e¨ì³o­Ó¦ì§}¡D ¥¦ªº¦W¦r¤£¤@©w­n¬O <tt/hostmaster/¡A¥¦¥i¥H¬O¥ô¦ó¦Xªkªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦ì§}¡AµM¦Ó³o­Ó¦ì§} `<tt/hostmaster/' <em/À³¸Ó/¯à¤u§@¥¿±`¡D <p> ¦b³o­ÓÀɮ׸̦³¤@ºØ·sªº¸ê·½°O¿ý«¬ºA¡A§Y MX «¬ºA¡A©Î¬O¶l¥ó¥æ´«ªÌ¸ê·½°O¿ý(Mail eXchanger RR)¡D ³oºØ¸ê·½°O¿ý«¬ºA§i¶D¶l»¼¨t²Î¦a§} <tt/someone@linux.bogus/ ªº¶l¥ó­n±H°e¨ì­þ¸Ì¡A ´«¥y¸Ü»¡¤]´N¬OÀ³¸Ó±H°e¨ì <tt/mail.linux.bogus/ ©Î¬O <tt/mail.friend.bogus/¡D ¦b¨C­Ó¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ«e­±ªº¼Æ¦r¬O MX ¸ê·½°O¿ýªºÀu¥ýÅv¡A¼Æ¦r¤ñ¸û§C (10) ªº¸ê·½°O¿ý¬O¶l¥ó¥D­nÀ³¸Ó±H©¹ªº¾÷¾¹¡D ¦pªG¥¢±Ñ¥i¥H§â¥¦±H©¹¼Æ¦r¤ñ¸û°ªªº¾÷¾¹¡A¤@¥x¦¸­nªº¶l¥ó³B²zªÌ¡A¤]´N¬O¦b³o¸Ì¨ã¦³Àu¥ýÅv 20 ªº <tt/mail.friend.bogus/¡D <p> ¥Î <tt/ndc restart/ ­«·s°_©l <tt/named/¡D¥H <tt/nslookup/ ÀËÅçµ²ªG: <tscreen><verb> $ nslookup > set q=any > linux.bogus Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 linux.bogus origin = linux.bogus mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus serial = 199511301 refresh = 28800 (8 hours) retry = 7200 (2 hours) expire = 604800 (7 days) minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day) linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus linux.bogus preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus ns.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.2 mail.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.4 </verb></tscreen> ¤p¤ß¦aÀËÅç§A±N·|µo²{¤@­Ó¿ù»~¡D³o¤@¦æ <tscreen><verb> linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus </verb></tscreen> ¥þ³£¿ù¤F¡D¥¦À³¸Ó¬O <tscreen><verb> linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus </verb></tscreen> §Ú¬G·N¥Ç¤F­Ó¿ù»~©Ò¥H§A¥i¥HÂǦ¹¾Ç²ß:-) ¥J²Ó¬Ý¬Ý¸Ó°Ï°ìÀɮקڭ̷|µo²{³o¤@¦æ <tscreen><verb> @ MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger </verb></tscreen> ¿òº|¤F¤@­Ó¥yÂI¡D©Î¬O»¡¦h¤F­Ó `<tt/linux.bogus/'¡D ¦b°Ï°ìÀɮ׸̦pªG¤@­Ó¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¤£¬O¥H¥yÂIµ²§À¨º»ò·|¦b¨äµ²§À¥[¤J°òÂI¡D©Ò¥H¤£½×¬O <code> @ MX 10 mail.linux.bogus. ; Primary Mail Exchanger </code> ©Î¬O <code> @ MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger </code> ³£¬O¥¿½Tªº¡D§Ú¤ñ¸û³ßÅw«á­±³oºØ§Î¦¡¡A¥¦»Ý­nªº¥´¦r¤ñ¸û¤Ö¡D ¦b¤@­Ó°Ï°ìÀɮ׸̻â°ì¦WºÙÀ³¸Ó­n¤£´N¬O¼g¥X¨Ó¨Ã¥H `<tt/./' µ²§À©ÎªÌ´N¬O¤@ÂI³£¤£­n¥]§t¶i¥h¡A ¦Ó¦b³oºØ±¡ªp¤U¨ä»â°ì¹w³]¬°°òÂI¡D¨ä¥¦¤H¤]³\³ßÅw±Ä¥Î¥t¤@ºØ¤è¦¡¡D <p> §Ú¥²¶·±j½Õªº¬O¦b <tt/named.boot/ Àɮ׸̻â°ì¦WºÙ«á­±<em/¤£À³¸Ó/¦³ `<tt/./' ªº¦s¦b¡D §A¤£ª¾¹D¦³¦h¤Ö¦¸¦]¬°¦h¤F©Î¤Ö¤F¤@­Ó `<tt/./' ¦Ó·d¯{¤F¨Ã¥B¹ï³\¦h¤H³y¦¨§xÂZ¡D <p> ©Ò¥H¦b¥[¤J§Ú±j½Õªº­«ÂI«á±o¨ì¤@¥÷·sªº°Ï°ìÀɮסA¨ä¤¤ÁÙ¥]§t¤@¨ÇÃB¥~ªº¸ê°T: <code> ; ; Zone file for linux.bogus ; ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain ; @ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 199511301 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 28800 ; refresh, seconds 7200 ; retry, seconds 604800 ; expire, seconds 86400 ) ; minimum, seconds NS ns ; Inet Address of name server NS ns.friend.bogus. MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger localhost A 127.0.0.1 ns A 127.0.0.2 mail A 127.0.0.4 ; ; Extras ; @ TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants" ns MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "Pentium" "Linux 1.2" TXT "RMS" richard CNAME ns www CNAME ns donald A 127.0.0.3 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "i486" "Linux 1.2" TXT "DEK" mail MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9" ftp A 127.0.0.5 MX 10 mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. HINFO "P6" "Linux 1.3.59" </code> §A¤]³\·|·Q­n²¾°Ê«e­±¤T­Ó A °O¿ý¥H«KÅý¥¦­Ì¾aªñ¨ä¥¦ªº¬ÛÃö°O¿ý¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹³³o¼Ë©ñ¦b³Ì«eºÝ¡D <p> ³o¸Ì¦³´X­Ó·sªº¸ê·½°O¿ý: ¥D¾÷¸ê°T(HINFO: Host INFOrmation) ¥]¬A¨â­Ó³¡¥÷¡A ¨Ï¥Î¤Þ¸¹²[¬A¨C­Ó³¡¥÷¬O­Ó¦n²ßºD¡D²Ä¤@­Ó³¡¥÷¬O¾÷¾¹¤WªºµwÅé©Î¬O¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸¡A ¦Ó²Ä¤G­Ó³¡¥÷¬O¾÷¾¹¤Wªº³nÅé©Î¬O§@·~¨t²Î¡D<tt/ns/ ¦³¤@Áû Pentium CPU ¨Ã¥B°õ¦æ Linux 1.2 ¨t²Î¡D TXT °O¿ý¬O­ÓÀH·Nªº¤å¦r°O¿ý¡A§A¥i¥H¥Î¥¦¨Ó°O¿ý¥ô¦ó¨Æ±¡¡D ¥¿¦¡¦WºÙ(CNAME: Canonical NAME)¥i¥H¥Î¨Óµ¹¨C¥x¾÷¾¹¼Æ­Ó¦WºÙ¡D ©Ò¥H <tt/richard/ ¥H¤Î <tt/www/ ³£¬O <tt/ns/ ªº¤@­Ó§O¦W¡D «Ü­«­nªº¤@ÂI¬O A, MX, CNAME, ¥H¤Î SOA °O¿ý<em/¥Ã»·¤£¸Ó/°Ñ·Ó CNAME °O¿ý³]©wªº§O¦W¡A ¥¦­Ì¥uÀ³¸Ó°Ñ·Ó A °O¿ý©Ò³]©wªº¦WºÙ¡A©Ò¥H¹³³o¼Ëªº°O¿ý¬O¿ùªº <code> foobar CNAME richard ; NO! </code> ¤£¹L³o¼Ë¬O¹ïªº <code> foobar CNAME ns ; Yes! </code> ÁÙ¦³¤@ÂI¤]«Ü­«­nªº¬Oª`·N¥¿¦¡¦WºÙ©Ò³]©wªº¹ï¹q¤l¶l»¼¦ì§}¦Ó¨¥¤£¬O¦Xªk¥D¾÷¦WºÙ: <tt/webmaster@www.linux.bogus/ ¥H¤W­±ªº³]©w¦Ó¨¥¬O¤@­Ó¤£¦Xªkªº¹q¤l¶l»¼¦ì§}¡D §Y¨Ï¥¦¦b§Aªº¨t²Î¤W¥i¥H¹B§@¡A¥i¥H¹w®Æªº¬O«Ü¤Ö¦³¹q¤l¶l¥óºÞ²zªÌ·|¥h¹ê¦æ³o¶µ³W«h¡D ÁקK³o­Ó°ÝÃDªº¤èªk¬O¨Ï¥Î A °O¿ý(©ÎªÌ¤]¥i¯à¬O¤@¨Ç¨ä¥¦ªº¡A¹³¬O MX °O¿ý)¨Ó¨ú¥N¤§: <code> www A 127.0.0.2 </code> Paul Vixie, ¥D­nªº <tt/named/ ±M®a¡A«Øij<em/¤£­n/¨Ï¥Î CNAME ³o­Ó³]©w¡D ©Ò¥HÀ³¸Ó¦Ò¼{¤£­n<em/«Ü/»{¯u¦a¥h¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡D <p> ÂǥѰõ¦æ <tt/ndc reload/ ¸ü¤J·sªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A³o·|¨Ï <tt/named/ ¦A¤@¦¸Åª¨ú¨äÀɮסD <tscreen><verb> $ nslookup Default Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 > ls -d linux.bogus </verb></tscreen> ³o·N«üÀ³¸Ó¦C¥X©Ò¦³ªº°O¿ý <tscreen><verb> [localhost] linux.bogus. SOA ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (199511301 28800 7200 604800 86400) linux.bogus. NS ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus. NS ns.friend.bogus linux.bogus. MX 10 mail.linux.bogus linux.bogus. MX 20 mail.friend.bogus linux.bogus. TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants" localhost A 127.0.0.1 mail A 127.0.0.4 mail MX 10 mail.linux.bogus mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus mail HINFO 386sx Linux 1.0.9 donald A 127.0.0.3 donald MX 10 mail.linux.bogus donald MX 20 mail.friend.bogus donald HINFO i486 Linux 1.2 donald TXT "DEK" www CNAME ns.linux.bogus richard CNAME ns.linux.bogus ftp A 127.0.0.5 ftp MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ftp MX 20 mail.friend.bogus ftp HINFO P6 Linux 1.3.59 ns A 127.0.0.2 ns MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ns MX 20 mail.friend.bogus ns HINFO Pentium Linux 1.2 ns TXT "RMS" linux.bogus. SOA ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (199511301 28800 7200 604800 86400) </verb></tscreen> «Ü¦n¡DÅý§Ú­ÌÀˬd¥¦¹ï©ó³æ¿Wªº <tt/www/ ·|»¡¤°»ò: <tscreen><verb> > set q=any > www.linux.bogus. Server: localhost Address: 127.0.0.1 www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus </verb></tscreen> ...´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A<tt/www.linux.bogus/ ¯u¥¿ªº¦WºÙ¬O <tt/ns.linux.bogus/¡D <tscreen><verb> linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus ns.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.2 </verb></tscreen> ¦Ó <tt/ns.linux.bogus/ ¾Ö¦³ 127.0.0.2 ³o­Ó¦ì§}¡D¬Ý°_¨Ó¤]«Ü¦n¡D <sect1>Ä~Äò²`¤J <p> ·íµM¡A³o­Ó»â°ì¬O°ª«×µêÀÀªº¡A¸Ì­±©Ò¦³ªº¦ì§}¤]³£¬O¡A¦Ó³o©Î³\·|Åý§A¦³¨Ç²V²c¡D ¯u¹ê»â°ìªº¤@­Ó¯u¹ê¨Ò¤l½Ð¨£¤U¤@¸`¡D <sect>¯u¹ê»â°ìªº¨Ò¤l<label id="real-example"> <p> <bf/³o¸Ì§Ú­Ì¦C¥X¤@¨Ç<em/¯u¥¿/ªº°Ï°ìÀÉ®×/ <p> ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ«Øij§Ú¥[¤W¤@­Ó¥i¥H¹B§@ªº¯u¹ê¨Ò¤l¡A¦]¬°§Ú¹ï¯u¥¿¥i¹B§@ªº»â°ì¤ÎµêÀÀ½d¨Ò¤§¶¡®t§O¸ÑÄÀªº¤£°÷²M·¡¡D <p> Ãö©ó³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¦³¥ó¨Æ¥²¶·Án©ú: <em/¤d¸U¤£­n/§â¥¦©ñ¨ì§Aªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¤W! §â¥¦·í§@°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¨Ó¾\Ū´N¦n¡D¦pªG§A·Q°µ¹êÅç¡A¥Î¤W­±µêÀÀªº¨Ò¤l¡D §Ú¸g¹L LAND-5 ªº David Bullock ªº¦P·N¤~¨Ï¥Î³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¡D³o¨ÇÀɮתº¤é´Á¬O 1996 ¦~¤E¤ë¤G¤Q¤é¡A ¦]¦¹¦pªG§A²{¦b¬d¸ß LAND-5 ªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¥i¯à·|µo²{¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡D ÁÙ¦³¡A½Ð°O¦í¡A§R¥h«e­±ªºªÅ¥Õ :-) <sect1>/etc/named.boot (©Î /var/named/named.boot) <p> §Ú­Ìµo²{»Ý­n¨â¦æ <tt/primary/ ªº¤Ï¦V°Ï°ì: ¤@­Ó¬O <tt/127.0.0/¡A¥t¤@­Ó¬O LAND-5 ªº¤lºô¸ô <tt/206.6.177/¡D ÁÙ¦³¤@¦æµ¹ <tt/land-5.com/ ªº¥¿¦V°Ï°ì¡DÁÙ¦³¤@ÂI­nª`·Nªº¬O¤£¹³§Ú¦b³o½g¤å³¹¸Ì±NÀɮשñ¦b <tt/pz/ ¥Ø¿ý¸Ì¡A ¥L±N¥¦­Ì©ñ¨ì¥s°µ <tt/zone/ ªº¥Ø¿ý¡D <code> ; Boot file for LAND-5 name server ; directory /var/named ; ; type domain source file or host cache . root.cache primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone/127.0.0 primary 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa zone/206.6.177 primary land-5.com zone/land-5.com </code> <sect1>/var/named/root.cache <p> °O¦í³o­ÓÀɮ׬O°ÊºAªº¡A³oÃä¦C¥X¨Óªº¬Oªº¡D§A³Ì¦n¦Û¤v¥Î <tt/dig/ ²£¥Í¤@­Ó·sªº¡D <code> ; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>> ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch ;; got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6 ;; flags: qr rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 9, Auth: 0, Addit: 9 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; ., type = NS, class = IN ;; ANSWERS: . 518357 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 518357 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS: H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.63.2.53 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 222766 A 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.203.230.10 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.36.148.17 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 299616 A 192.5.5.241 G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.112.36.4 A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 198.41.0.4 ;; Total query time: 250 msec ;; FROM: land-5 to SERVER: default ---- 127.0.0.1 ;; WHEN: Fri Sep 20 10:11:22 1996 ;; MSG SIZE sent: 17 rcvd: 312 </code> <sect1>/var/named/zone/127.0.0 <p> ¤£¹L¬O°ò¥»ªº¡A¤£¯à¬Ù²¤ªº SOA °O¿ý¡A¥H¤Î±N <tt/127.0.0.1/ «ü¦V <tt/localhost/ ªº°O¿ý¡D ¨âªÌ³£¬O¥²¶·ªº¡D¤£À³¦³¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦è¦b¦¹Àɮפ¤¡D³o­ÓÀÉ®×¥i¯à¥Ã»·¤£¥²§ó·s¡A°£«D§Aªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹©ÎºÞ²z¤H¦a§}§ïÅÜ¡D <code> @ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. ( 199609203 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 604800 ; Expire 86400) ; Minimum TTL NS land-5.com. 1 PTR localhost. </code> <sect1>/var/named/zone/land-5.com <p> ¦b³o¸Ì§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì³o­Ó¥²¶·ªº SOA °O¿ý¡A¥²­nªº NS °O¿ý¡D §Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¥¦¦³¤@­Ó¦¸­nªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹©ó <tt/ns2.psi.net/¡D ³o¤]À³¸Ó¬O¥²­nªº¡A<em/Á`¬O/«O¦³¤@­Ó¦¸­nªº¦øªA¾¹°µ¬°³Æ¥÷¡D §Ú­ÌÁ٬ݨ찵¬° LAND-5 ­t³d©Ò¦³¤£¦PªA°Èªº¥D¾÷¡A¥¦¥H³\¦hªº CNAME °O¿ý°µ¨ì³oÂI (¥t¤@­Ó°µªk¬O¥Î A °O¿ý)¡D <p> ´N¹³§A±q SOA °O¿ý¬Ý¨ìªº¤@¼Ë¡A°Ï°ìÀÉ®×¥H <tt/land-5.com/ ¶}©l¡AºÞ²z¤H¬O <tt/root@land-5.com/¡D §Ç¸¹(serial)¥H yyyymmdd ªº®æ¦¡¥[¤W·í¤Ñªº¸¹½X; ¥¦¥i¯à¬O 1996 ¦~¤E¤ë¤G¤Q¸¹¨º¤Ñªº²Ä¤»­Óª©¥»ªº°Ï°ìÀɮסD ½Ð°O¦í§Ç¸¹<em/¥²¶·/³æ½Õ¦a»¼¼W¡A³o¸Ì¥¦¥u¥Î<em/¤@¦ì/¼Æ¦rªí¥Ü·í¤Ñªº¸¹½X¡A ¦]¦¹¦b½s¿è¤E¦¸¤§«á¥L¥²¶·µ¥¨ì©ú¤Ñ¤~¯à¦A½s¿è³o­ÓÀɮסD[<tt/Ķµù/] ¦]¦¹À³¸Ó¦Ò¼{¥Î¨â¦ì¼Æ¦r¡D <tscreen><descrip> <tag/[Ķµù]/ ŪªÌ¥i¯à·|©_©Ç¬°¤°»ò¤£¯à¥Î 1996092010 ? ³o­Ó¼Æ¦r¤]¬O»¼¼Wªº¡A©Ò¥H·íµM¥i¥H¡D ¦ý¨ì¤F©ú¤Ñ²Ä¤@¦¸½sÀɮ׮ɸӥΤ°»ò©O? ¦pªG¥Î 199609211¡A¨º»ò³o­Ó¼Æ¦r´N¤ñ 1996092010 ­n¤p¤F¡D ³o¼Ë·|¦³³Â·Ð¡D¦]¦¹§@ªÌ«ØijÀ³¥Î¨â¦ì¼Æ¦r¡A¦p 1996092006¡D </descrip></tscreen> <code> @ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. ( 199609206 ; serial, todays date + todays serial # 10800 ; refresh, seconds 7200 ; retry, seconds 10800 ; expire, seconds 86400 ) ; minimum, seconds NS land-5.com. NS ns2.psi.net. MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Exchanger localhost A 127.0.0.1 router A 206.6.177.1 land-5.com. A 206.6.177.2 ns CNAME land-5.com. ftp CNAME land-5.com. www CNAME land-5.com. mail CNAME land-5.com. news CNAME land-5.com. funn A 206.6.177.3 illusions CNAME funn.land-5.com. @ TXT "LAND-5 Corporation" ; ; Workstations ; ws_177200 A 206.6.177.200 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177201 A 206.6.177.201 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177202 A 206.6.177.202 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177203 A 206.6.177.203 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177204 A 206.6.177.204 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177205 A 206.6.177.205 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP} ws_177250 A 206.6.177.250 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177251 A 206.6.177.251 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177252 A 206.6.177.252 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177253 A 206.6.177.253 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host ws_177254 A 206.6.177.254 MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host </code> ¥t¤@¥ó­È±oª`·Nªº¨Æ©Ò¦³ªº¤u§@¯¸³£¨S¦³­Ó§Oªº¦WºÙ¡A¦Ó¬O¥Î¤@¶}ÀY¥[¤W³Ì«á¨â¦ìªº IP ¼Æ¦r¡D ¥Î³o¼ËªººD¨Ò¥i¥H¤j¶q¦a²¤ÆºûÅ@¤u§@¡A¦ý¥i¯à¦³ÂI¤£¤è«K¡A¦Ó¥B¡A¨Æ¹ê¤W¥i¯à¬O§Aªº«È¤á¤£º¡ªº¨Ó·½¡D <sect1>/var/named/zone/206.6.177 <p> §Ú±N¦b«á­±»¡©ú³o­ÓÀɮסD <code> @ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. ( 199609206 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 604800 ; Expire 86400) ; Minimum TTL NS land-5.com. NS ns2.psi.net. ; ; Servers ; 1 PTR router.land-5.com. 2 PTR land-5.com. 3 PTR funn.land-5.com. ; ; Workstations ; 200 PTR ws_177200.land-5.com. 201 PTR ws_177201.land-5.com. 202 PTR ws_177202.land-5.com. 203 PTR ws_177203.land-5.com. 204 PTR ws_177204.land-5.com. 205 PTR ws_177205.land-5.com. ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP} 250 PTR ws_177250.land-5.com. 251 PTR ws_177251.land-5.com. 252 PTR ws_177252.land-5.com. 253 PTR ws_177253.land-5.com. 254 PTR ws_177254.land-5.com. </code> ¤Ï¦V°Ï°ì¦ü¥G¬O¾ã­Ó³]©w¤¤³ÌÅý¤HÀYµhªº³¡¥÷¡D¥¦¬O¦b§A¦³¾÷¾¹ªº IP ¼Æ¦r®É¬d¸ß¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¥Îªº¡D ¨Ò¦p: §A¦³¤@³¡ irc ¦øªA¾¹±µ¨ü irc «È¤áºÝªº³s½u¡D ¦ý§A¬O®¿«Âªº¦øªA¾¹¦]¦¹§A¥u§Æ±æ±µ¨ü¨Ó¦Û®¿«Â¤Î¨ä¥¦´µ³ô¦a¨ººû¨È°ê®aªº³s½u¡D ·í§A±µ¨ì¨Ó¦Û«È¤áºÝªº³s½u®É C µ{¦¡®w¯à°÷§i¶D§A³s½u¾÷¾¹ªº IP ¦ì§}¡A¦]¬°«È¤áºÝªº IP ¼Æ¦r¬O¥]§t¦b¶Ç¤Jªººô¸ô«Ê¥]¤¤ªº¡D µM«á§A¥i¥H©I¥s¤@¨ç¦¡ <tt/gethostbyaddr/ ¥Hµ¹©wªº IP ¬d¸ß¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡D <tt/gethostbyaddr/ ¨ç¦¡·|¦V DNS ¸ß°Ý¡ADNS ´N·|¥X¥h¬d¸ß³o¥x¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¡D °²³]«È¤áºÝ¨Ó¦Û <tt/ws_177200.land-5.com/¡AC µ{¦¡®w´£¨Ñµ¹ irc ¦øªA¾¹ªº IP ¬O <tt/206.6.177.200/¡D ¬°§ä¥X¾÷¾¹ªº¦WºÙ§Ú­Ì­n¬d¸ß <tt/200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa/¡DDNS ¦øªA¾¹­º¥ý§ä¨ì­t³d <tt/arpa./ ªº¦øªA¾¹¡D µM«á§ä¨ì <tt/in-addr.arpa./ ªº¦øªA¾¹¡A¦A¨Ó¬O¤Ï¹L¨Óªº <tt/206/¡AµM«á¬O <tt/6/¡A ³Ì«á§ä¨ì¦b LAND-5 ­t³d <tt/177.6.206.in-addr.arpa/ °Ï°ìªº¦øªA¾¹¡D ¥Ñ¦¹§Ú­Ì±o¨ì <tt/200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa/ ªºµª®×¬O '<tt/PTR ws_177200.land-5.com/' °O¿ý¡A ·N«ü¾Ö¦³ IP <tt/206.6.177.200/ ªº¦WºÙ¬O <tt/ws_177200.land-5.com/¡D ¤£¹L´N¹³¦b¸ÑÄÀ <tt/prep.ai.mit.edu/ ¦p¦ó¬d¸ß®É©Ò»¡¡A³o¹Lµ{µy·L¦³ÂI¤£¹ï¡D <p> ¦^¨ì irc ¦øªA¾¹ªº¨Ò¤l¡Dirc ¦øªA¾¹¥u±µ¦A¨Ó¦Û´µ³ô¦a¨ººû¨È°ê®aªº³s½u¡A¤]´N¬O¡A *.no, *.se, *.dk¡D<tt/ws_177200.land-5.com/ ³o­Ó¦W¦rÅãµM¨Ã¤£²Å¦X¥ô¦ó³o¨Ç¡D ¦]¦¹¦øªA¾¹·|©Úµ´³s½u¡D¦pªG<em/¨S¦³/¸g¥Ñ <tt/in-addr.arpa/ °Ï°ì¨ì <tt/206.2.177.200/ ªº¤Ï¦V¹ïÀ³¡A ¦øªA¾¹±NµLªk¬d¨ì¾÷¾¹¦WºÙ¦Ó±N·|®³ <tt/206.2.177.200/ ¨Ó©M *.no, *.se ¤Î *.dk ¤ñ¸û¡A·íµM§ä¤£¨ì²Å¦Xªº¡D <p> ¦³¨Ç¤H·|§i¶D§A¤Ï¦V¹ïÀ³¬d¸ß¥u¹ï¦øªA¾¹­«­n¡A©Î¬O¤@ÂI¤]¤£­«­n¡D ·íµM¤£¬O: ³\¦h ftp, news, irc ¬Æ¦Ü http ¦øªA¾¹±N<em/¤£/±µ¨üµLªk¬d¨ì¦WºÙªº¾÷¾¹³s½u¡D ¦]¦¹¨Æ¹ê¤W¾÷¾¹ªº¤Ï¦V¦WºÙ¹ïÀ³¬O<em/¥²¶·/ªº¡D <sect>ºûÅ@¤u§@<label id="maint"> <p> <bf/ºû«ù¥¦ªº¹B§@¡D/ <p> ºû«ù¥¦­ÌªºÄ~Äò°õ¦æ¤§¥~¡A¹ï©ó <tt/named/ §AÁÙ¦³­ÓºûÅ@ªº¥ô°È±o­n°µ¡D ¨º´N¬Oºû«ù <tt/root.cache/ Àɮתº§ó·s¡D³Ì²³æªº¤èªk¬O¨Ï¥Î <tt/dig/ µ{¦¡¡A ­º¥ý¤£¥[¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ°õ¦æ <tt/dig/ µ{¦¡¡A§A±N·|¨ú±o±q§A¦Û¤v¦øªA¾¹±o¨ìªº <tt/root.cache/¡D µM«á¥H <tt/dig @rootserver . ns/ ¬d°Ý©Ò¦C¥Xªº®Ú¦øªA¾¹¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¡D §A±N·|ª`·N¨ì³o¥÷¿é¥X¬Ý°_¨Ó«D±`¦a¹³¤@­Ó <tt/root.cache/ ÀɮסA°£¤F¤@°ïÃB¥~ªº¼Æ¦r¥H¥~¡D³o¨Ç¼Æ¦r¤£·|¦³¤°»ò§«Ãª¡D §â¥¦¦s©ñ¨ìÀɮ׸Ì(<tt/dig @e.root-servers.net . ns >root.cache.new/)¨Ã¥B¥Î¥¦¨Ó¨ú¥N­ì¥»Âªº <tt/root.cache/ ÀɮסD <p> ¨ú¥N¤F­ì¥ýªºÀɮפ§«á­n°O±o­«·s±Ò°Ê <tt/named/ µ{¦¡¡D <p> Al Longyear ±Hµ¹§Ú³o­Ó«ü¥O½Z¡A¥¦¥i¥H¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¨Ó§ó·s <tt/named.cache/¡A¬°¥¦¦w¸Ë­Ó crontab ¶µ¥ØµM«á§Ñ¤F¥¦¡D ³o­Ó«ü¥O½Z°²³]§Aªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¥i¥H¹B§@¦Ó¥B `hostmaster' ³o­Ó¶l¥ó§O¦W¦³©w¸q¡D§AÀ³¸Ó­×­q¥¦¥H«K²Å¦X§Aªº³]©w¡D <code> #!/bin/sh # # Update the nameserver cache information file once per month. # This is run automatically by a cron entry. # ( echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>" echo "From: system <root>" echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.boot file" echo export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin: cd /var/named dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.cache.new echo "The named.boot file has been updated to contain the following information:" echo cat root.cache.new chown root.root root.cache.new chmod 444 root.cache.new rm -f root.cache.old mv root.cache root.cache.old mv root.cache.new root.cache ndc restart echo echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete." echo "The previous root.cache file is now called /var/named/root.cache.old." ) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t exit 0 </code> ¦³¨Ç¤H¥i¯à¥Î ftp ±q Internic ±o¨ì <tt/root.cache/ ÀɮסD ½Ð<em/¤£­n/¥Î ftp ¨Ó§ó·s <tt/root.cache/¡A¤W­±´£¨ìªº¤èªk§ó¬°«K§Q¡D <sect>Bind version 8<label id="bind8"> <p> Bind version 8 ¬O³Ì·sªº bind §Þ³N¡D§ÚÁÙ¨S¦³¹Á¸Õ¨Ï¥Î¡A¦ý David E. Smith <<htmlurl url="mailto:dave@bureau42.ml.org" name="dave@bureau42.ml.org">> ¦³¡D¥L¼g¤F³o¤p¸`ªº¨ä¾l³¡¥÷¡D <p> ¨S¦³¤Ó¦hªº¤£¦P¡D°£¤F¨Ï¥Î <tt/named.conf/ ¦Ó¤£¬O <tt/named.boot/, ¨ä¾l³£¬Û¦P¡D ¦Ó¥B bind 8 ¥]§t¤F¤@­Ó perl «ü¥O½Z¨Ó±N®榡ªºÀÉ®×Âà´«¦¨·sªº¡D ¨Ò¦p¤@¥÷¼È¦s±M¥Î¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº <tt/named.boot/ (®榡): <code> directory /var/named cache . root.hint primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA 127.0.0.zone primary localhost localhost.zone </code> ¦b«ü¥O¦C¤U¡A©ó <tt>bind8/src/bin/named</tt> ¥Ø¿ý¤¤Áä¤J: <code> named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf </code> ³o·|²£¥Í <tt/named.conf/: <code> // generated by named-bootconf.pl options { directory "/var/named"; }; zone "." { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; }; zone "localhost" { type master; file "localhost.zone"; }; </code> <p> ¥¦±N <tt/named.boot/ ¤¤ªº¨C¼ËªF¦è³£Âà´«¹L¨Ó¡AµM¦Ó¥¦¨Ã¥¼¥[¤J©Ò¦³ bind 8 ©Ò¤¹³\ªº·s±j¤Æ¤Î°t¸m¿ï¶µ¡D ³o¸Ì¦³¥÷¸û§¹¾ãªº <tt/named.conf/ °µ¦P¼Ëªº¨Æ¡A¦ý¬O®Ä²v§ó¦n¤@ÂI¡D <code> // This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later). // It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf. // The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this // comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I // already had the zone files in /var/named. options { directory "/var/named"; check-names master warn; /* default. */ datasize 20M; }; zone "localhost" IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; check-names fail; allow-update { none; }; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; check-names fail; allow-update { none; }; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; </code> <p> <tt>bind8/src/bin/named/test</tt> ¸Ì¦³³o­Ó½d¨Ò¡A¥H¤Î»â°ìÀɮתº«þ¨©¡A³\¦h¤H¥i¥Hª½±µ®³¨Ó­×§ï¨Ï¥Î¡D <p> »â°ìÀɮפΠ<tt/root.hint/ (<tt/root.cache/) §¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡A§ó·s¥¦­Ìªº«ü¥O¤]¬O¡D <sect>¼·±µ³s½uªº¦Û°Ê³]©w<label id="auto"> <p> ³o¤@¸`¸ÑÄÀ§Ú¦p¦ó³]©w¥H«KÅý¨C­Ó¹Lµ{¦Û°Ê¤Æ¡D §Úªº¤èªk¥i¯à¤@ÂI³£¤£¾A¦X§A¡A¦ý¬O§A¥i¯à±q§Ú©Ò§@ªº¤@¨Ç¨Æ±¡¸Ì±o¨ì¤@¨ÇÂI¤l¡D ¦P®É¡A§Ú¨Ï¥Î PPP ¼·±µ¡AµM¦Ó¦³³\¦h¤H¨Ï¥Î slip ©Î¬O cslip ³s½u¤è¦¡¡A ©Ò¥H§Aªº³]©w¸Ì´X¥G¨C­Ó¦a¤è³£¥i¯à¸ò§Úªº¤£¦P¡D ¦ý¬O slip ¨Ï¥Îªº <tt/dip/ µ{¦¡À³¸Ó¯à°÷§¹¦¨§Ú©Ò§@ªº³\¦h¨Æ±¡¡D <p> ¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A·í§Ú¨S¦³³s¤Wºô¸ô®É§Úªº <tt/resolv.conf/ Àɮ׳æ¯Â¦a¥]§t³o¤@¦æ <tscreen><verb> domain uio.no </verb></tscreen> ³o½T«O§Ú¤£¥²µ¥«Ý¥D¾÷¦WºÙ¸ÑªR¨ç¦¡®w¥h¹Á¸ÕÁpô¬Y¥x¤£¥i¯àÀ°§U§Úªº¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¡D ¦ý¬O·í§Ú³s¤W½uªº®É­Ô§Ú·Q­n°_©l§Úªº <tt/named/ ¨Ã¥B¾Ö¦³¤@­Ó¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³«e­±©Ò´y­zªº <tt/resolv.conf/ ÀɮסD §ÚÂǥѫO«ù¨â¥÷ <tt/resolv.conf/ ªº¡¥¼ËªO¡¦ÀɮסA<tt/resolv.conf.local/ ¥H¤Î <tt/resolv.conf.connected/ ¨Ó¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¡D «á­±³o¤@­Ó¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³«e­±©Ò´y­z¹Lªº <tt/resolv.conf/ ÀɮסD <p> ­n¦Û°Ê¤Æ³s½u¨ìºô¸ôªº¹Lµ{§Ú°õ¦æ¤@­ÓºÙ¬° `ppp-on' ªº«ü¥O½Z: <code> #!/bin/sh echo calling... pppd </code> pppd ¦³­ÓºÙ¬° <tt/options/ ªºÀɮסA¥¦§i¶D pppd ¦p¦ó¨ú±o³s½uªº¤@¨Ç¯S®í¨Æ¶µ¡D ¤@¥¹§Úªº ppp ³s½u§¹¦¨«á pppd °_©l¤@­ÓºÙ¬° <tt/ip-up/ ªº«ü¥O(³o¦b pppd ªº½u¤W¨Ï¥Î¤â¥U¸Ì¦³´y­z)¡D ³o¸Ì¬O¸Ó«ü¥O½Z¸Ì­±ªº¤@³¡¥÷: <code> #!/bin/sh interface="$1" device="$2" speed="$3" myip="$4" upip="$5" ... cp -v /etc/resolv.conf.connected /etc/resolv.conf ... /usr/sbin/named </code> ´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A§Ú¦b³o¸Ì°_©l§Úªº <tt/named/ µ{¦¡¡D·í ppp Â÷½u®É pppd °õ¦æ¤@­ÓºÙ¬° <tt/ip-down/ ªº«ü¥O½Z: <code> #!/bin/sh cp /etc/resolv.conf.local /etc/resolv.conf read namedpid < /var/run/named.pid kill $namedpid </code> ©Ò¥H³o¦b³s½u®É°t¸m¨Ã³]©w¬ÛÃö¨Æ©y¨Ã¥B¦bÂ÷½u®É¸Ñ°£¸Ó°t¸m¨Ãµ²§ô¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡¡D <p> ¬Y¨Çµ{¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p§Ú·Q°_ irc »P talk¡A°µ¤F¹L¦hªº°²©w¡A¬°¤FÅý¨ä¤u§@¥¿±`§A¥²¶·­×§ï§Aªº <tt/hosts/ ÀɮסD §Ú¦b <tt/ip-up/ ¤W¥[¤J <code> cp /etc/hosts.ppp /etc/hosts echo $myip roke >>/etc/hosts </code> <tt/hosts.ppp/ ¬O²³æ¦a¥]§t¤F <code> 127.0.0.1 localhost </code> ¦Ó <tt/echo/ «ü¥O´¡¤J¤F§Ú¦¬¨ìªº IP ¸¹½X°µ¬°§Ú¾÷¾¹ªº¦WºÙ(roke)¡D §AÀ³¸Ó§ï¥Î§A¦Û¤v¾÷¾¹ªº¦WºÙ¡A¥i¥H¥Î <tt/hostname/ «ü¥O¬d¥X¡D <p> ·í§A¨S¦³³s½u¨ìºô¸ô¤W®É°õ¦æ <tt/named/ ¥i¯à¨Ã¤£Áo©ú¡A ³o¬O¦]¬° <tt/named/ ±N·|¹Á¸Õ°e¥X¬d¸ß¨ìºô¸ô¤W¦Ó¥B¨ä²×¤î®É­­(timeout)«Üªø¡A ¦Ó¨C¦¸¦³¬Y¨Ç­Óµ{¦¡¹Á¸Õ¸ÑªR¤@­Ó¦WºÙªº®É­Ô§A´N±oµ¥«Ý¨ì³o­Ó²×¤î®É­­¡D ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î¼·±µªº¸Ü§AÀ³¸Ó¦b³s¤Wºô®É°_©l <tt/named/ ¨Ã¥B¦bÂ÷½u®É±þ±¼¥¦¡D ¤£¹L½Ð°Ñ¦Ò <ref id="qanda" name="FAQ"> ¤@¸`ªº´£¥Ü¡D <p> ¬Y¨Ç¤H³ßÅw¦bºC³tªº³s½u¤W¨Ï¥Î <tt/forwarders/ «ü¥O¡D ¦pªG§Aªººô»Úºô¸ô´£¨ÑªÌ¦b <tt/1.2.3.4/ ¥H¤Î <tt/1.2.3.5/ ³]¦³ DNS ¦øªA¾¹¨º»ò§A¥i¥H´¡¤J³o»ò¤@¦æ <code> forwarders 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5 </code> ¨ì <tt/named.boot/ Àɮ׸̥h¡D<!--¦P®É¤]Åý <tt/root.cache/ Àɮ׫O«ù¬°ªÅ¥Õ¡D--> ³o±N·|´î§C·½¦Û§A¥D¾÷ªº IP ¬y¶q¡A¥i¯àµy·L´£ª@³t«×¡D¦pªG§A¬O¨Ì½u¸ôªº¸ê®Æ¶q¥I¶Oªº¸Ü³oÂI¯S§O­«­n¡D ³oÁÙ¦³­Óªþ¥[»ù­È¡AÅý§A²æÂ÷§@¬°¤@­Ó¼È¦sªº <tt/named/ ºûÅ@ªÌ©ÒÀ³­t°_ªº³d¥ô: §A¤£»Ý­n¥h§ó·s¤@­ÓªÅªº <tt/root.cache/ ÀɮסD <sect>±`¨£°ÝÃD¸Ñµª<label id="qanda"> <p> ¥»¸`¤¤§Ú±N¦C¥X¤@¨ÇÃö©ó DNS ¥H¤Î¥»¤å¥ó³Ì±`³Q´£¥Xªº°ÝÃD¡DÁÙ¦³¸Ñµª :-) ¦b¼g«Hµ¹§Ú«e½Ð¥ý¾\Ū¹L¥»¸`¡D <enum> <item>¦p¦ó¦b¨¾¤õÀ𤧤º¨Ï¥Î DNS ? <p>¤@¨Ç´£¥Ü: `<tt/forwarders/', `<tt/slave/', ¥H¤Î°Ñ¦Ò¥»¤å¥ó³Ì«á­±ªº¤åÄm¦Cªí¡D <item>¦p¦ó§Q¥Î DNS ´£¨Ñªº¥i¥Î¦ì§}©ó¬Y¤@ªA°È¡A¦p <tt/www.busy.site/¡A ¥HÀò±o­t²ü¥­¿Å©ÎÃþ¦üªº®ÄªG? <p>¬° <tt/www.busy.site/ ¥[¤W³\¦h <bf/A/ °O¿ý¡A¦Ó¥B¨Ï¥Î <tt/bind 4.9.3/ ©Î¥H«áªºª©¥»¡D ³o¼Ë <tt/bind/ ·|¨Ï¥Î round-robin ºtºâªk§ä´Mµª®×¡D³o<em/¤£¯à/¦b§ó¦­ª©¥»ªº <tt/bind/ ¤W¤u§@¡D <item>§Ú·Q¦b¤@«Ê³¬ªº Intranet ¤W¬[³] DNS¡D§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò°µ? <p>§â¼È¦sÀɮץᱼ¥u¯d°Ï°ìÀɮסD³o¤]ªí¥Ü§A±N¤£»Ý­n§ó·s¼È¦sÀɮסD <item>§Úªº¨t²Î¨S¦³ <tt/ndc/ µ{¦¡¡D§Ú¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì? <p>§Aªº¨t²Î¦w¸Ë¹L¤@ªº¡A¥i¯à¹L´Áªº <tt/bind/ µ{¦¡¡D ¦pªG¦w¥þ©Ê¹ï§A«Ü­«­n: ¥ß¨è±N <tt/bind/ ¤É¯Å¡D¦pªG¤£¬O¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¥Î³oªº¡D §A¥iª½±µ°õ¦æ <tt/named/ ¦Ó¤£¬O <tt/ndc start/¡D <tt/ndc reload/ Åܦ¨ <tt/named.reload/ ¦Ó <tt/ndc restart/ Åܦ¨ <tt/named.restart/¡D ©Ò¦³³o¨Çµ{¦¡¥i¯à³£¦b <tt>/usr/sbin</tt> ¸Ì¡D <item>¦p¦ó«Ø¥ß¦¸­n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹? <p>¦pªG¥D­n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº¦a§}¬O <tt/127.0.0.1/¡A ¦b§Aªº¦¸­n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº <tt/named.boot/ Àɮפ¤©ñ¤@¦æ: <code> secondary linux.bogus 127.0.0.1 sz/linux.bogus </code> <item>§Ú§Æ±æÂ÷½u®É <tt/bind/ ¤´Ä~Äò°õ¦æ¡D <p>§Ú¦¬¨ì¨Ó¦Û Ian Clark <<htmlurl url="mailto:ic@deakin.edu.au" name="ic@deakin.edu.au">> ªº«H¥ó¸ÑÄÀ¥L¦p¦ó¿ì¨ì³oÂI¡D <tscreen><verb> I run named on my 'Masquerading' machine here. I have two root.cache files, one called root.cache.real which contains the real root server names and the other called root.cache.fake which contains... -------------- ; root.cache.fake ; this file contains no information -------------- When I go off line I copy the root.cache.fake file to root.cache and restart named. When I go online I copy root.cache.real to root.cache and restart named. This is done from ip-down & ip-up respectively. The first time I do a query off line on a domain name named doesn't have details for it puts an entry like this in messages.. Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN which I can live with. It certainly seems to work for me. I can use the nameserver for local machines while off the 'net without the timeout delay for external domain names and I while on the 'net queries for external domains work normally </verb></tscreen> <item>¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹±N¼È¦s¸ê®Æ«O¦s¦b¨º¨à? ¦³¥ô¦ó¤èªk¥i¥H±±¨î¥¦ªº¤j¤p¶Ü? <p>©Ò¦³ªº¼È¦s¸ê®Æ³£«O¦s¦b°O¾ÐÅ餤¡A¥ô¦ó®É¨è¥¦³£¤£·|³Q¼g¤JºÏºÐ¤¤¡D ¨C¦¸§A±þ±¼ <tt/named/ ®É³o¨Ç¼È¦s¸ê®Æ´N¨S¦³¤F¡D<em/¨S¦³/¥ô¦ó¤èªk¥i¥H±±¨î¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¡D <tt/named/ ¥Î¤@¨Ç²³æªºªk«h¨ÓºÞ²z¥¦¡D§A¤£¯à¥Î¥ô¦ó²z¥Ñ¥ô¦ó¤èªk±±¨î¼È¦s¸ê®Æ©Î¨ä¤j¤p¡D ¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¦p¦¹§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¥h§ï <tt/named/ ªºµ{¦¡¡D¤£¹L³Ì¦n§O³o»ò°µ¡D <item>¦p¦ó¦b­«·s°_©l <tt/named/ ¤§¶¡«O¦s¼È¦s¸ê®Æ? §Ú¥i¥H§â¥¦¦s¤U¨Ó¶Ü? <p>¤£! <tt/named/ ³Q±þ±¼®É<em/¤£·|/«O¯d¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¡D ³o´N¬O»¡¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¥²¶·¦b¨C¦¸§A±þ±¼¨Ã­«·s°_©l <tt/named/ «á­«·s«Ø¥ß¡D <em/¨S¦³/¿ìªkÅý <tt/named/ ±N¼È¦s¸ê®Æ¦s¨ìÀɮ׸̡D ¦pªG§A§Æ±æ¦p¦¹§A¥i¥H¦Û¤v¥h§ï <tt/named/ ªºµ{¦¡¡D¤£¹L³Ì¦n§O³o»ò°µ¡D </enum> <sect>¦p¦ó¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¤j«¬ªº DNS ºÞ²zªÌ<label id="bigger"> <p> <bf>¤å¥ó¥H¤Î¤u¨ã</bf> <p> ¦s¦b¯u¥¿ªº¤å¥ó¡D¦b½u¤Wªº©Î¬O¦L¦nªº¡D­n¸ó¥X¥Ñ¤p«¬ DNS ¨ì¤j«¬ DNS ºÞ²zªÌªº¤@¨B¾\Ū´X¥÷³o¨Ç¤å¥ó¬O¥²­nªº¡D ¦L¦nªº¼Ð·Ç°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¬O <em/DNS and BIND/ by C. Liu and P. Albitz from O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, ISBN 0-937175-82-X¡D §ÚŪ¹L¡A¥¦«Ü´Î¡D¦b¥t¤@¥» <em>TCP/IP Network Administration</em>, by Craig Hunt from O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X ¦³¤@¸`¬OÃö©ó DNS ªº¡D¥t¤@¥»¹ïºÞ²z DNS «Ü¦nªº(©ÎªÌ¬O¹ï¥ô¦ó³o¤@Ãþ¤u§@³£«Ü¦n)®Ñ«h¬O <em/Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance/, §@ªÌ Robert M. Prisig ®Ñ¸¹ ISBN 0688052304¡D <p> ½u¤Wªº¸ê®Æ§A¥i¥H¦b³o¸Ì§ä¨ì <url url="http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/">, <url url="http://www.isc.org/bind.html">; ±`¨£°ÝÃD¶°¡A°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U(BOG; Bind Operations Guide)¬O¨ó©wªº©w¸q¥H¤Î DNS ¬ã¨sªº¤åÄm¡D ³o¨Ç¤å¥ó§Ú¤j³¡¤À¨S¦³¾\Ū¹L¡A¦ý¬O¦]¦¹§Ú¤£¬O­Ó¤j«¬ DNS ºÞ²zªÌ¡D ¥t¤@¤è­± Arnt Gulbrandsen ¤w¸gŪ¹L BOG ¦Ó¥B¹ï¦¹«Ü¼ô¸Z :-)¡D ºô¸ô·s»D°Q½×¸s <htmlurl url="news:comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains" name="comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains"> ¬O¦³Ãö DNS ªº°Q½×¸s¡D ¦¹¥~ÁÙ¦³¦n´X¥÷Ãö©ó DNS ªº RFCs¡A³Ì­«­nªº¥i¯à¬O³o¨Ç: <descrip> <tag/RFC 2052/ A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, <em/A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)/, October 1996 <tag/RFC 1918/ Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear, <em/Address Allocation for Private Internets/, 02/29/1996. <tag/RFC 1912/ D. Barr, <em/Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors/, 02/28/1996. <tag/RFC 1713/ A. Romao, <em/Tools for DNS debugging/, 11/03/1994. <tag/RFC 1712/ C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, <em/DNS Encoding of Geographical Location/, 11/01/1994. <tag/RFC 1183/ R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, <em/New DNS RR Definitions/, 10/08/1990. <tag/RFC 1035/ P. Mockapetris, <em/Domain names - implementation and specification/, 11/01/1987. <tag/RFC 1034/ P. Mockapetris, <em/Domain names - concepts and facilities/, 11/01/1987. <tag/RFC 1033/ M. Lottor, <em/Domain administrators operations guide/, 11/01/1987. <tag/RFC 1032/ M. Stahl, <em/Domain administrators guide/, 11/01/1987. <tag/RFC 974/ C. Partridge, <em/Mail routing and the domain system/, 01/01/1986. </descrip> </article>